Printing patterns using * is one of the most common interview questions.
In this article, we will learn how to print a hollow square bracket in a console using C, C++, and Python programming languages. The Syntax for all these three programming languages is different, but the algorithm and logic would remain the same to print the square bracket.
Algorithm
- Create a nested loop from 0 to n where n is the length and width of the square.
-
Inside the nested loop print
*if the outer loop value is 0 or n-1, or the inner loop value is 0 or n-1. - For all the other values, print the empty space " ".
- With this, the star will be printed only for the outer parameter of the square.
Print Square Pattern in C
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, j, n;
//input the width or height of the square
printf("Enter the Height of Square: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
//create a nested loop
//from 0 to n
for(i =0; i<n; i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
//print * if the value of
//outer or inner loop value is 0 or n-1
if(i==0||i==n-1||j==0||j==n-1)
{
printf("*");
}
else
//else print empty spaces
{
printf(" ");
}
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter the Height of Square: 12
************
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
************
Print Square Pattern in C++
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j, n;
//input the width or height of the square
cout<<"Enter the Height of Square: "; cin>>n;
//create a nested loop
//from 0 to n
for(i =0; i<n; i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
//print * if the value of
//outer or inner loop value is 0 or n-1
if(i==0||i==n-1||j==0||j==n-1)
{
cout<<"*";
}
else
//else print empty spaces
{
cout<<" ";
}
}
cout<<"\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter the Height of Square: 13
*************
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
*************
Print Square Pattern in Python
n = int(input("Enter the Height of Square: "))
# create a nested loop
# from 0 to n
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
#print * if the value of
#outer or inner loop value is 0 or n-1
if (i==0 or i==n-1 or j==0 or j==n-1):
print("*", end="")
else:
# else print empty spaces
print(" ", end ="")
print()
Output
Enter the Height of Square: 14
**************
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
**************
Complexity Analysis
- Time Complexity: O(N^2), is the time complexity of the above program because we are using a nested loop.
- Space Complexity: O(1).
Wrapping Up!
In this article, we learn how to write a program in C, C++, and Python to print a hollow square box in a console using the * character. The algorithm for this program is very simple we just need to print the * character for all the points where i or j is either 0 or n-1, and for the rest of the points, we just print blank space.
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